Articles 32 and 226 of the Constitution of India- Study material for IPO Examination 2012

The sole object of the Article 32 of the Constitution of India is the enforcement of the fundamental rights guaranteed under Part III of the Constitution of India.

Article 32 and Article 226 both deal with enforcement of right of the citizen against the Government or Governmental Authorities.

Article 32 is limited to the extent of enforcement of the fundamental rights stated in the Part III of the Constitution

Article 226 of the Constitution is much wider than Article 32 of the Constitution.

The High Court while exercising the Article 226 can give reliefs in case of quasi-Judicial Tribunals and authorities or other acts by such lower authorities even though the acts of such authorities do not infringe the fundamental rights.

The Supreme Court is competent to give relief under Article 32 against any authority within the territory of India.

The Writ Jurisdiction of Supreme Court can be invoked under Article 32 of the Constitution for the violation of fundamental rights guaranteed under Part – III of the Constitution

Article 32 is referred to as the "Constitutional Remedy" for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

By including Article 32 in the Fundamental Rights, the Supreme Court has been made the protector and guarantor of these Rights.

Article 32 is a fundamental right, and it is included in Part –III of the Constitution. Article 32 is a basic feature of the Constitution

The Supreme Court shall have power to issue directions or orders or writs, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari, whichever may be appropriate, for the enforcement of any of the rights conferred by Part III

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Some interesting facts related with English

WORDS WITH ALL FIVE VOWELS

IOUEA (a genus of sea sponges) - word only with vowels. Education. Automobile. Ultraviolet. Equation. Precarious. Behaviour. Authorities. Authorize. Authentication. Precaution. Auriferous. Mensuration. Tambourine. Evacuation. Remuneration. Regulation. Misbehaviour. Miraculousness. Misdemeanour. Preambulation. Unostentatious. Unobjectionable. Multimillionaire. Consequential.

Longest Word without a Vowel : Symphysy

Dollar Words : The words whose total value is exactly 100 when each of its letters is assigned a value according to its position in the alphabet a=1 b=2 .... z=26

The Longest English Words : Antidisestablishmentarianism (28 letters) - Opposition to the separation of church and state. Floccinaucinihilipilification (29 letters) - The estimation of something as worthless. Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis (45 letters) - Supposedly a lung disease.

SENTENCES WITH ALL ALPHABETS The five boxing wizards jump quickly. The quick brown fox jump over the lazy dog. Crazy Frederica bought many very equisite opal jewels. Amazingly few discotheques provide jukeboxes. Sphinx of black quartz, judge my vow! Wafting zephyrs quickly vexed jumbo. Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz

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Web Portal of DGET for Effective Implementation of Skill Development Scheme (SDIS) Unveiled

A web portal for Directorate General of Training Employment (DGET) to the effective implementation of Skill Development Scheme (SDIS) to promote training of around 6 lakh people in the country annually

The portal is developed by HP.

The SDIS Web Portal would also help in State Governments in registering candidates, the Vocational Training Providers (VTPs) and empanelled Assessing Bodies (ABs)

To  view  this site  Please  Click -      VIEW 

Union Labour & Employment Minister Shri Mallikarjun Kharge today unveiled and dedicated the Official Web portal Directorate General of Training & Employment (DGET), M/o Labour & Employment to the nation for the effective implementation of Skill Development Scheme (SDIS) to promote training of around 6 lakh people in the Country annually. The portal is is developed by the Helwatt Paackard, India.

Unveiling the Web Portal Shri Kharge termed the occasion as a new beginning and is making one step forward in fulfilling the main aim of our Government to bring good governance. He said any Govt. scheme is always supported by funding incurred from public exchequer which needs to have a proper in-built mechanism to check & monitor the physical progress and financial expenditures on regular basis. Such a scheme like Skill Development Initiative encompassing a huge number of people from all over the country is quite difficult to handle and hence, tracking must be based on setting up of an efficient “Management Information System(MIS)”. I am quite confident that this powerful Web-portal would not only facilitate DGET in all these aspects but also enable to keep a track over outcome of the Scheme, Shri Kharge added.

The Minister said the National Skill Policy has been articulated at the behest of Prime Minister’s National Council on Skills Development. He reiterated the mission statement of the National Policy on Skill Development that it will empower all individuals through improved skills, knowledge and nationally-internationally recognized qualifications to gain access to decent employment and ensure India’s competitiveness in the global market. The minister said we must remember that this national Skill Policy is an integral part of comprehensive economic, labour and social policies so as to establish a framework for better coordination among various Ministries, States, industry and other stakeholders.

He expressed the hope that this On-line access to the countrymen from enrollment & admission to training and Certification will certainly begin a new chapter with true inclusiveness in the skill building process of our country.

In his welcome address, Shri Sharda Prasad,Director General, DGET and Joint Secretary in the M/o Labour & Employment said with this webportal, timely access to information across stakeholders would be available, thereby enabling better citizen centric services in a transparent manner. The SDIS Web Portal will also help in State Governments in registering candidates, the Vocational Training Providers (VTPs) and empanelled Assessing Bodies (ABs). It also tracks the creation of training/assessment batches, publishing test results and dispersal of online certificates.

The SDIS is a 100% Centrally Sponsored Scheme and is launched by the Directorate General of Training & Employment (DGET), M/o Labour & Employment for the early school leavers and existing workers especially in the informal sector. It was operationalised on 24th May, 2007 and initially the project target for training and testing of one million persons over a period of 5 years was fixed. Thereafter the the target of training of one million person per year has been taken up. The Modular Employable Skill (MES)- National Council for Vocational Training (NCVT) certificate issued after the prescribed training is recognized nationally and internationally for gainful employment.

GK for IPO Examination 2012 - Study Material

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1  Which  country  in the world  holds  the record for the production   of grapes       India

2.  Name of   the smallest  colony  in the world Gibralter

3  The fastest moving island in the world  Pobeda in Antartica  which has moved

4  Which is  the largest Island   in the world   Green land

5  Which is the greatest desert in the world  Sahara -  ( 84 Lakhs Square  Kilometers in North Africa )

6 The world’s largest spoken language  Chinese

7  The headquarters of the world bank is located in    Geneva

8  What is  the difference  between IST and  GMT     Five and half Hours  (5 ½ )

9 The oldest port in the world    Damacus , (in Syria)

10  Where was the first oil drilled    Titusville ( 1859) in USA

11  Which continent  has no desert  Europe

12 The world ‘s Oldest  Zoo London Zoo (  (AD 1830)

13 The  Oldest Bank  in the world Swiss  Bank

14  The most dense forest  in the world  Selva , Amzon Basin

15  Which country  is known  cockpit of Europe Belgium

16   The republic in the world Nauru ( 22 SQ KM)

17 Which country has been named   “ The world’s  playground “ Switzerland

18  Where  is  “ Death Valley  “ North America

19 Name the world’s biggest salt mine  Khora , Pakistan

20 Name the city  which is known  as ‘  City  of seven Hills “   Rome , Italy

21 Which is  known  as  “ Queen of  Arabian  Sea” Kochi  , (Kerala – India )

22  Which country known as  “ Land of Kangaroo” Australia

23  Which country  is called the  “ Coffee  bowl of the world “    Brazil

24  Which city known as  “ Venice  of  the North “   Stockholm , Sweden

25 Which is  the highest capital of  the world    La Paz( (3632 m)

26 Which country is known as  “ Land  of  rising sun “ Japan

27  Which university  is considered  to be  the oldest in the world Al-Azhar university in cairo Egypt (AD 970)

28 Which  country’s capital is named  after a British  prime minister and a  soldier    New Zealand’s capital  Wellington

29  The least populated continent   Australia

30     The oldest Airport in the world  Mareyland (USA)

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Syllabus for Savings Bank Aptitude Test

Paper - I Marks-100 Time-2 Hours Total No. of Questions-50 Qualifying Marks:- 50% Note:- The examination will be held with the aid of books approved by the department. All the questions will be objective type with four options. The candidate has to choose the correct option as per his knowledge and quote the rule from the books approved for the examination to support his/her decision. Syllabus:- Acts (1) Government Savings Bank Act 1873 (amended from time to time) (2) Government Savings Certificates Act 1959 (amended from time to time) (3) Public Provident Fund Act 1968 (amended from time to time) Statutory Rules (1) Post Office Savings Bank General Rules 1981 (amended from time to time). (2) Post Office Savings Account Rules 1981 (amended from time to time). (3) Post Office Recurring Deposit Rules 1981 (amended from time to time). (4) Post Office Time Deposit Rules 1981 (amended from time to time). (5) Post Office Monthly Income Account Rules 1987(amended from time to time). (6) Public Provident Fund Scheme Rules 1968 (amended from time to time) (7) National Savings Certificate (VIII Issue) Rules, 1989 (amended from time to time). (8) Kisan Vikas Patras Rules, 1986 (amended from time to time). Procedure (1) All procedural rules of POSB Manual Vol-I and II. (2) All SB Orders issued from 1.1.2007 onwards. Approved Books (1). POSB Manual Vol-I or Compilation of POSB Manual Vol-I (2) POSB Manual Vol-II or Compilation of POSB Manual Vol-II (3) POSB Manual Vol-III or Compilation of POSB Manual Vol-III or Handbook on Government Small Savings Schemes

Eligibility Criteria:- All Postal Assistants who have completed one year’s service on 30th June or 31st December of the year in which test is conducted shall be eligible to appear. Test will be conducted twice in a calendar year i.e in the month of February and August. Candidates who have completed one year’s service as on 31st December shall be eligible for appearing in the test to be held in February and those who have completed one year’s service as on 30th June shall be eligible for appearing in the test to be held in August. There will be no restriction on number of times a candidate can appear.

Some facts about " GOOGLE"

In 1997 Google's prototype was named "Backrub".

The name 'Google' was an accident. A spelling mistake made by the original founders who thought they were going for 'Googol'.

Google is a mathematical term 1 followed by one hundred zeroes. The term was called by Milton Sirotta, nephew of American mathematician Edward Kasne.

Google.com - The Domain was registered on 15th september 1997.`

Google started off its first operations in a rented garage.

The first ever review of the Google search engine was done by Danny Sullivan of Search Engine watch on August 4, 1998.

Larry and Sergey needed large amount of disk space to test their Page rank also, but the largest hard disk available at the time were only 4 GB. So they assembled 10 of these drivers together , while he was an Undergrad at Michigan University, Larry had built a Programmable plotter out of LEGO, so its only natural that he used the colourful bricks to create Google's first Computer storage.

The prime reason the Google home page is so bare is due to the fact that the founders didn’t know HTML and just wanted a quick interface. In fact it was noted that the submit button was a long time coming and hitting the RETURN key was the only way to burst Google into life.

Sun Microsystem co-founder Andy Bechtolsheim knew a good thing when he saw it. After talking to Larry and Sergey about Google for 30 minutes, he whipped out his checkbook and wrote a check for $100,000, made out to "Google, Inc." Problem was, Google, Inc. hasn't existed yet!Oh, by the way, the Sun in Sun Microsystem stands for "Stanford University Network."

Due to the sparseness of the homepage, in early user tests they noted people just sitting looking at the screen. After a minute of nothingness, the tester intervened and asked ‘Whats up?’ to which they replied “We are waiting for the rest of it”. To solve that particular problem the Google Copyright message was inserted to act as a crude end of page marker.

One of the biggest leap in search usage came about when Google introduced their much improved spell checker giving birth to the “Did you mean…” feature. This instantly doubled their traffic, but they had some interesting discussions on how best to place that information, as most people simply tuned that out. But they discovered the placement at the bottom of the results was the most effective area.

The infamous “I feel lucky” is nearly never used. However, in trials it was found that removing it would somehow reduce the Google experience. Users wanted it kept. It was a comfort button. I’m Feeling Lucky Costs Google $110 Million a Year.

Gmail was used internally for nearly 2years prior to launch to the public. They discovered there was approximately 6 types of email users, and Gmail has been designed to accommodate these 6.

Google publishes variety of logos commemorating holidays and events. The first one on the books being a self-made “Burning Man” logo by the founders themselves.

Google’s first chef Charlie Ayers, ( hired in 1999 ) quit Google and opened his own restaurant in 2005.

Employees are encouraged to use 20% of their time working on their own projects. Google News, Orkut are both examples of projects that grew from this working model.

Orkut is very popular in Brazil. Orkut was the brainchild of a very intelligent Google engineer who was pretty much given free reign to run with it, without having to go through the normal Google UI procedures, hence the reason it doesn’t look or feel like a Google application. They are looking at improving Orkut to cope with the loads it places on the system.

Google products appear in 117 type of languages, including 5 “fake” languages like Elmer Fudd and Swedish Chef. Spanish, German, French and Japanese are the most used search language besides English.

Google’s first ever April Fool’s joke went online on April 1st, 2000 and was called “MentalPlex” – Google’s ability to read your mind.

The Google logo was never centered (as it appears today). It only appeared centered in March 2001. It was aligned to the left earlier. (And there were a lot more distractions then).

Google’s first employee is Craig Silverstein. Craig is the man behind “exact search” (where you get pages containing the exact search term within quotes.)

In 1999, when Google moved to their Paolo Alto office, there were only 19 employees in the company. Today there are 0ver 24000 Googlers.

Google reckons only 10% of the world’s information is online.

It will take Google 300 years to put the entire world’s information online

Google receives daily search requests from all over the world, including Antarctica

Google believes up to 20% of the online content changes every month.

Google uses over 300 factors to rank websites which includes PageRank

According to Google, 20-25% of the search queries are unique.

In Google, thousands of computers are involved in processing a single search query.

Google uses over 200 signals for Pagerank.

. A lot of Googlers work on automatic translation tools. Google has the largest network of translators in the world.

Google translates billions of HTML web pages into a display format for WAP and i-mode phones and wireless handheld devices.

Google consists of over 450,000 servers, racked up in clusters located in data centers around the world. `

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Sorted List from Volume II for PO/RMS Accountant Examination

POSTAL VOLUME   II    IV	Page No	Chapter
Advance  to contractors	71	IX
Allotments of controlling  offices	192	XII
Alteration of form of security	31	V
Amount of security	23	V
Application for fines imposed by the court	20	IV
Appointment to the posts requiring security	32	V
Budget  Estimates and control- New item of expenditure	183	XII
Budget Estimates and control - General Principles	182	XII
Building - Agencies	119	X
Building audit of estimates	122	X
Building- Expenditure Sanction	122	X
Building -provision of funds	117	X
Building Selection of agencies, original  works and reconstruction	117	X
Buildings	112	X
Buildings - classification of works	123	X
Buildings- administrative approval	122	X
Buildings Collection of  dues and petty rep[airs to doors etc	125	X
Buildings- Ownership	112	X
Buildings- Policy	112	X
Buildings- Technichal  Sanction	122	X
Buildings Fixture and fittings	125	X
Change in the name  of officials who finished security bonds or in the name of their securities	25	V
Classes of officials required to give security and amount of security	22	V
Communication with medical advisor	21	IV
Compensation for losses of property	20	IV
Conduct of  criminal  prosecutions	18	IV
Contagious or repulsive diseases	21	IV
Contract Documents	67	IX
Contracts for conveyance of mails	72	IX
Contracts General	66	IX
Control  other expenditure in relation  to budget grants	197	XII
Counterfeit or frudantely defaced coins or forged currency notes	63	VII
Criminal proceedings	18	IV
Custody of post office certificates deposited as security	30	V
Custody of security bonds	30	V
Death , insolvency or withdrawal of surties	28	V
Deaths -Civil Officers	21	IV
Department proceedings and prosecution  in cases of criminal  misconduct	17	IV
Departmental lands and buildings   in a governors state	116	X
Detailed rules for the preparation of budget and revised estimates	187	XII
Dismantling of buildings	117	X
Disposal of withdrawal bonds	31	V
Distribution of Circle Allotments	192	XII
Electric Water supply  and sanitary installations	127	X
Employment of government pleader	20	IV
Enforcements of terms of contracts	69	IX
Enquries as to the solvency of person offering themselves as sureties	27	V
Examination of bonds of employees depositing a security in cash government promissory notes or  post office certificates	27	V
Execution pf fresh bond  on re employment	25	V
Exemption form payment of rent for canteen grain shops and co - operative societies	127	X
Exemption from payment of rent for the use of land	127	X
Forfeiture of security deposits	32	V
Forged counterfeit fictitious or  washed postage stamps- Cases which are not offences	59	VII
Forged counterfeit  fictitious   or  washed postage stamps- Offences	59	VII
Forged counterfeit fictitious or  washed postage stamps  -Extent of application	59	VII
Form of contractors	68	IX
Forms of bonds	26	V
Gardens	129	X
Incidece of  law charges on civil suits in connection  with the execution of government works	16	I V
Institution  and  defence   of  civil suits	15	IV
Irregularities  noticed  in appropriation audit	197	XII
Joint  buildings	112	X
Maintenance of records relating to lands and building to the department	129	X
Medical  aid General Rules	20	IV
Nature of  security	24	V
Officers empowered to execute contracts	71	IX
Official exempted from getting security	23	V
Pass books of security deposit accounts	29	V
Personal bonds	25	V
Persons whose security is in admissible	32	V
Pledge of the security	29	V
Preliminary Schedule of demands	186	XII
Preparation  of estimates general	183	XII
Printing and publication under orders of government	65	VIII
Printing at private presses	65	VIII
Printing classification	65	VIII
Printing general rules	65	VIII
Procedure  Repairs of building	122	X
Procedure Rates and taxes	122	X
Refund of security deposit	29	V
Regrants lapeses	197	XII
Rent for accommodation of office in private  residence or private residence in office	126	X
Sale and purchase or  acquisition of land and buildings	113	X
Security  on promotion	25	V
Security for performance of contractors	68	IX
Security in cash government promissory notes or post office certificates	24	V
Services on Juries	20	IV
Signature to be affixed in the presence of a departmental officer	27	V
Spoilt and defaced postage stamps	59	VII
Tenders	67	IX
Three months and six monthly Estimates	192	XII
Transfer of  land and buildings between  the various departments of the central government	116	X
Treatment of counterfeit or fraduantely defaced coins or forged currency notes	63	VII
Unathorised form prohibited	65	VIII
Unclaimed deposits	33	V